A non-exhaustive list of explored as well as unexplored open-source software development tools and software applications. For an exhaustive list, take a look at Wikidata.
Application Development
- API
                    - wsgen
 
- Bug Reporting and Feature Requests
                    - Bugzilla
- Trac
 
- Cache Management
                    - Ehcache
- Memcached
 
- Compilation and pre-processing (C/C++)
                    - cc
- gcc
- g++
 
- Continuous Integration
                    - Jenkins
- Travis
- CircleCI
 
- Configuration of Application
                    - Ansible
- Chef
- Juju
- Puppet
- Salt
- Vagrant
 
-  Data Formattng and Validation
                    - jsonlint
- xmllint
 
-  Data Storage
                    - NoSQL
                            - Arangodb
- Cassandra
- Couchdb
- Elliptics
- Flockdb
- Hbase
- Hypertable
- Mapdb
- Mongodb
- Mongo
- Neo4j
- Opentsdb
- Orientdb
- Pouchdb
- Ravendb
- Redis
- Rethinkdb
- Riak
- Titan
 
- SQL
                            - Mariadb
- Mysql
- Postgresql
- Sqlite
 
 
- NoSQL
                            
- Debugging
                    - gdb
- ltrace
- strace
 
- Dependency and Package Management
                    - npm
- pip
- snap
- flatpak
 
- Design of Applications
                    - Dia
- Umbrello
- Umlet
 
- Metrics
                    - ps
- netstat
 
- Libray linking
                    - ldconfig
- ldd
- ld
- ar
- nm
- ranlib
 
- Localization and Internationalization
                    - locale
- gettext
- gettextize
 
- Log
                    - Log4j
- Apache Commons Logging
 
- Profile
                    - gprof
 
- Queue
                    - Apache Kafka
- Apache ActiveMQ
 
- REPL
                    - python
- repl
 
- Realtime
                    - top
 
- Scheduling
                    - cron
 
- Search
                    - grep
- find
- locate
 
- Software Specification
                    - TLA+
 
- Threading
                    - pthread
 
- User Interface
                    - QML
- HTML
 
- Version Control
                    - CVS
- SVN
- Git
- Pijul
- Fossil
- Mercurial
- Bazaar
 
- Wiki
                    - Dokuwiki
- Mediawiki
- Phpwiki
- Twiki
- Xwiki
 
Operating Systems
- Anykernel
                    - Rump kernel
 
- Desktop Environment
                    - KDE
- GNOME
- XFCE
- LXDE
 
- Filesystem
                    - ext4
- Overlayfs
- Aufs
 
- Monolithic
                    - Coreos
- FirefoxOS
- Linux Distributions
                            - Archlinux
- CentOS
- Cinnamon
- Debian
- Fedora
- Linuxmint
- Opensuse
- Ubuntu
 
- FreeBSD
- NixOS
 
- Unikernels
                    - ClickOS
- Clive
- HaLVM
- Ling
- MirageOS
- OSv
 
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- CloudFoundry
- OpenStack
Application Packaging
- Containers
                    - LXC
- Docker
 
- Distributions
                    - Ubuntu
- Fedora
- RedHat
- umake
 
Shell
- Bash
- Fish-shell
- Ksh
- Sh
- Zsh
Web Browser
- Chromium
- Firefox
Web development
- Haskell
                    - Happstack
- Snap
- Yesod
 
- Java
                    - Grails
- Play
 
- Javascript
                    - Angularjs
- Backbonejs
- Emberjs
- Expressjs
- Famous
- Meteor
- Nodejs
 
- Php
                    - Cakephp
- Laravel
- Phalcon
- Symphony
- Zend
 
- Python
                    - Django
- Flask
- Pyramid
 
- Ruby
                    - Rails
 
- Scala
                    - Play
 
Data Analysis
- Ipython
- Mondrian
- Olap4j
- Pandas
- Pentaho
Data Visualization
- D3
- Gephi
- Gnuplot
- Matplotlib
- Processing
Programming Languages
- C
- C++
- Clojure
- Coffeescript
- D
- Dart
- Delphi
- Eiffel
- Elixir
- Elm
- Erlang
- Euphoria
- F#
- Fortran
- Go
- Groovy
- Haskell
- Java
- Javascript
- Julia
- Lisp
- Livescript
- Lua
- Objectivec
- Ocaml
- Perl
- Php
- Prolog
- Purescript
- Python
- R
- Ruby
- Rust
- Sage
- Scala
- Scheme
- Shell
- Smalltalk
- Sql
- Wyvern
Markup Languages
- HTML
- JSON
- XML
- QML
Content Management Systems (CMS)
- Diaspora
- Drupal
- Ghost
- Joomla
- Mediagoblin
- Wordpress
Computing
- Maxima
- Octave
- R
Container Technologies
- Docker
- Libvirt-lxc
- Lxc
- Openvz
- Rocket
- Runc
Dictionary
- Artha
- Aspell
- Goldendict
Editor
- Aloha
- Atom
- Emacs
- Vim
Web Forum
- Bbpress
- Discourse
- Phpbb
- Vanilla
Gaming Development
- Steam
Computer Graphics
- 2d
                    - Inkscape
 
- 3d
                    - Blender
 
- Photography
                    - Gimp
 
- Publishing
                    - Krita
 
- Video
                    - pitivi
 
Machine Learning
- Mahout
- Moa
- Opencv
- Opennn
- Orange
- Spark
Markdown Editor
- Retext
Memory Mapping
- Anki
- Freeplane
Music
- Frescobaldi
- Lilypond
- Musescore
- Solfege
Natural Language Processing
- Nltk
Semantic Web
- Jena
- Protege
Web Server
- Apache
- Jetty
- Lighttpd
- Nginx
- Tomcat