Practicals: Data Mining

Goals

Understanding fundamentals of Python programming:

• Variables, data types, lists, sets and tuples.
• Conditional expressions and loops
• Sort
• Dictionary
• Files and user interaction

Exercise 1

1. Comments

# This is a comment
print("Bonjour")

2. Variables

# a variable
message = "le monde!"
print(message)


a = 10
b = 20
c = a + b
print(c)


# floating point numbers
pi = 3.14
print(pi)


# data types
message1 = "Bonjour"
a = 12
pi = 3.14
print(type(message1))
print(type(a))
print(type(pi))


3. Concatenation of two strings

# concatenation of two strings
message = "le monde!"
print("Bonjour" + message)


# concatenation of two strings
message1 = "Bonjour "
message2 = "le monde!"
print(message1 + message2)


# concatenation involving two variables of different data types
# operation + on two different data types
message1 = "Bonjour en Python"
a = 3
print(message1 + a)


# concatenation solution involving two variables of different data types
message1 = "Bonjour en Python "
a = 3
print(message1 + str(a))


4. Lists

a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(a)


a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(a[0])
print(a[1])
print(a[2])
print(a[3])
print(a[4])


a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(a[8])


message1 = "Bonjour en Python "
print(message1[0])
print(message1[1])
print(message1[2])
print(message1[3])
print(message1[4])
print(message1[5])
print(message1[6])
print(message1[7])


message1 = "Bonjour en Python "
print(len(message1))


a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(len(a))


a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
a.append(60)
print(a)


a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
a[0] = 0
print(a)


a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
a[6] = 20
print(a)


a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
a.insert(0, 0)
print(a)
print(len(a))


a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
a.insert(6,60)
print(a)
print(len(a))


5. Tuples (non-modifiable lists)

a = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
print(a)


a = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
print(a[0])


a = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
a[0] = 0
print(a)


6. Sets

a = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
print(a)


a = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
a.add(10)
print(a)


a = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
a.add(60)
print(a)


a = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
a.remove(40)
print(a)


# set
a = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
print(a)
print(type(a))

# tuple
b = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
print(b)
print(type(b))

# list
c= [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(c)
print(type(c))


Exercise 2

1. Conditional Expressions

a = 12
if( a%2 == 0):
  print(a, " is divisible by 2")
else:
  print(a, " is not divisible by 2")


lang = "Français"
if (lang =="Français"):
  print("Bonjour le monde!")
else:
  print("Hello World!")


2. Loops

for i in [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50]:
  print(i)


for i in (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50):
  print(i)


for i in {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50}:
  print(i)


2. Range

for i in range(0,10):
  print(i)


for i in range(0,10,2):
  print(i)


for i in range(0,10,2):
  print(i, end=' ')


for i in range(10,0,-2):
  print(i)


for i in range(10,0):
  print(i)


for i in "Bonjour,le,monde!".split():
  print(i)


for i in "Bonjour,le,monde!".split(","):
  print(i)


Write a program in Python to display the following output

1
12
123
1234
12345
123456
1234567
12345678


Exercise 3

1. Sort

num = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
num.sort()
print(num)


2. Sort (decreasing order)

num = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
num.sort(reverse=True)
print(num)


3. minimum

num = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(min(num))


4. maximum

num = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(max(num))


5. sorted()

num = [70, 20, 30, 10, 50, 60, 20, 80, 70, 50]
num = sorted(num,reverse=True)[:5]
print(num)


Modify the code given below to display the five greatest unique numbers.

print(sorted("Bonjour le monde!".split(), key=str.lower, reverse=True))

Exercise 4

1. Dictionary

a = {"contente": 12, "content": 12, "triste": 2}
print(a)
print(type(a))


a = {"contente": 12, "content": 12, "triste": 2}
for cle in a:
  print("la phrase ", key, " apparait ", a[cle], " fois")


a = {"contente": 12, "content": 12, "triste": 2}
for key,value in a.items():
print("la phrase ", key, " apparait ", value, " fois")


a = {"contente": 12, "content": 12, "triste": 2}
a["joie"] = 10
print(a)


a = {"contente": 12, "content": 12, "triste": 2}
del a["triste"]
print(a)


mots = {"contente": 12, "content": 12, "triste": 2, "joie" : 10} print(sorted(mots))

mots = {"contente": 12, "content": 12, "triste": 2, "joie" : 10}
mots_tuple = [(key, value) for key,value in mots.items()]
print(mots_tuple)


2. itemgetter

from operator import itemgetter

mots = {"contente": 12, "content": 12, "triste": 2, "joie" : 10}
mots_tuple = [(key, value) for key,value in mots.items()]
print(sorted(mots_tuple, key=itemgetter(1)))


3. Interaction avec l'utilisateur

nom = input("Quel est votre nom?")
print(nom)


age = input("Quel est votre âge? ")
print(age)
print(type(age))


age = input("Quel est votre âge? ")
age = int(age)
print(age)
print(type(age))


Question: Write a program in Python that interacts with the user to obtain the following information of 5 students:

• Name of student
• Age
• Grades in 5 modules

Once the information for all the five students is obtained, calculate and display the following values for every module:

• average grade
• maximum grade
• minimum grade

Exercise 5

1. Files

message = "Bonjour le monde"
with open("bonjour.txt", "w") as file:
  file.write(message)
file.close()


with open("bonjour.txt", "r") as file:
  text = file.read()
  print(text)
file.close()


message1 = "Bonjour le monde"
message2 = "Programmation en Python"
with open("bonjour.txt", "w") as file:
  file.write(message1)
  file.write(message2)
file.close()

with open("bonjour.txt", "r") as file:
  text = file.read()
  print(text)
file.close()


message1 = "Bonjour le monde\n"
message2 = "Programmation en Python"
with open("bonjour.txt", "w") as file:
  file.write(message1)
  file.write(message2)
file.close()

with open("bonjour.txt", "r") as file:
  text = file.read()
  print(text)
file.close()


2. readline()

message1 = "Bonjour le monde\n"
message2 = "Programmation en Python"
with open("bonjour.txt", "w") as file:
  file.write(message1)
  file.write(message2)
file.close()

with open("bonjour.txt", "r") as file:
  text = file.readline()
  print(text)
file.close()


message1 = "Bonjour le monde\n"
message2 = "Programmation en Python\n"
with open("bonjour.txt", "w") as file:
  file.write(message1)
  file.write(message2)
file.close()

with open("bonjour.txt", "r") as file:
  for line in file:
    print(line)
file.close()


Question: Copy any HTML file in your home directory. Write a program in Python to get the following values:

• number of characters in the HTML file
• number of lines in the HTML file
• number of words in the HTML file
• first twenty words in the HTML file
• distinct words in the HTML file

Question: Copy CSV file in your home directory. The file contains the population values between 1901 and 2016. Write a program in Python to get the maximum value.

• the maximum value of population
• the minimum value of population